A Temporal Overview of Port-Wine Stain Research: AI-Assisted Stepwise Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis

This study pioneers an AI-assisted stepwise bibliometric approach to analyze port-wine stain (PWS) research from 1948-2024. Focusing on photodynamic therapy, a promising PWS treatment, we identify four research phases: exploration, rapid development, multidisciplinary integration, and precision therapy. Keyword analysis reveals growing interest in photodynamic and laser therapies, particularly in the 21st century. The United States and China emerge as leading research forces, with key institutions including the University of California, Harvard University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Precision medicine principles drive the current era, applying multi-omics and AI to optimize photodynamic protocols. This study provides crucial insights for advancing light-based PWS treatments, especially photodynamic therapy. However, further refinement of AI-assisted bibliometrics is needed. Global collaboration, as exemplified by American and Chinese researchers, is key to innovating PWS phototherapy.