Optimization of tumor photodynamic therapy strategies based on nanotechnology

In the past 30 years, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increasing attention due to its minimal invasiveness, selective specificity, and immune-activating ability. However, the clinical application of the emerging treatment for tumor is largely restricted by the limitations of conventional photosensitizers, limited tissue penetration, and unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Notably, with the development of nanomedicine technology, the introduction of nanomaterials in PDT could overcome the aforementioned imperfection and improve the therapeutic effect of PDT for tumor. Here, a systematic summary of recent advances in the application of nanomaterial-based photosensitizers and the novel strategies for optimizing PDT is presented. This is critical to deepening the understanding of PDT treatment mechanisms and making it a more attractive treatment option.