Multi-pathway oxidative stress amplification via controllably targeted nanomaterials for photoimmunotherapy of tumors

The use of photoimmunotherapy is associated with drawbacks, such as insufficient ROS production and uneven photosensitizer distribution. Therefore, we developed a controllable, targeted nanosystem that enhances oxidative stress through multiple pathways, achieving synergistic photothermal, photodynamic, and immunotherapy effects for tumor treatment. Controlled targeting nanomaterials D/I@HST NPs were prepared and their physicochemical properties were demonstrated. Verified the targeting effect, ROS production ability, killing effect and ICD induction ability of D/I@HST NPs on 4T1 cells. The accumulation ability, therapeutic effect and the immune activation ability of D/I@HST NPs were validated in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. D/I@HST NPs maintained nice PDT and PTT effects in solution, significantly improved endocytosis and ROS production on 4T1 cells, exhibited good tumor cell killing effects, effectively promoted DCs maturation, possessed excellent anti-tumor and immune-activating abilities in vivo. This multi-pathway oxidative stress-amplified targeted nanosystem effectively inhibits tumors, reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.