Photodynamic Therapy in Cockscombs Model: Comparative Study of Hemoporfin Delivery Methods and Therapeutic Wavelengths

Hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) traditionally utilized 532 nm light but demonstrated untapped potential with 405 nm activation. Microneedle delivery improved photosensitizer bioavailability, enabled localized treatment, and reduced systemic effects. Fourty male Leghorn chickens were divided into five groups and treated with Hemoporfin via intravenous injection or microneedle delivery. Groups were exposed to either 405 nm or 532 nm light. Surface morphology, vascular density, histopathological features were assessed using photographs and histological. Microneedle delivery significantly reduced tissue damage inflammation, and vascular disruption while accelerating recovery compared to intravenous injection. PDT with 405 nm light achieved greater vascular occlusion than 532 nm, with microneedles maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Microneedle-based Hemoporfin PDT reduces dosage by about 4, 000-fold, minimized tissue damage, and enhancesd therapeutic precision. Combined with 405 nm light, it provided a safer, targeted treatment for vascular anomalies.