Low-Level Photooxidation Promotes the Differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells to fibroblast via MAPK/ERK pathway

ADSCs, derived from subcutaneous fat, show potential in wound healing, yet the impact of low-dose PDT on their differentiation and function is unclear. This study investigates molecular changes in ADSC fibroblast differentiation post-PDT in vitro. ADSCs were isolated from 10 patients and cultured. They were exposed to various hemoporfin concentrations and red light fluences. Assays assessed cell viability, proliferation, and intracellular ROS. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed post-PDT. Low-dose PDT induced rapid ADSC fibroblast differentiation and motility, increasing ROS production. It also upregulated mRNA and protein levels of collagen I, III, and fibronectin, with sustained ERK activation. Inhibition of ERK reduced collagen mRNA synthesis post-PDT. PDT-generated low-level ROS promote ADSC differentiation into fibroblasts, activating the ERK pathway, leading to proliferation and activation. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which PDT enhances stem cell differentiation and proliferation.