Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Using 5 -Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Loaded Acrylic Nanoparticles (ANPs) on HaCaT Cells

To improve ALA bioavailability for photodynamic therapy, we developed acrylic nanoparticle‐loaded ALA (ALA‐ANPs). ALA‐ANPs were synthesized via emulsion polymerization and characterized by SEM, TEM, and NTA. Their effects on HaCaT cells were evaluated by monitoring PpIX fluorescence kinetics, ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ki67 expression. Notably, a 6‐hour exposure to 1.81 mg/mL ALA‐ANPs yielded significantly higher PpIX accumulation (p<0.01) than 1.0 mM free ALA, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial potential, lower ki67, and increased ROS. CCK‑8 assays confirmed a concentration‐dependent inhibition of cell proliferation below 2.0 mM ALA. ALA‐ANPs enhance ALA stability and potency, offering a superior in vitro PDT approach for inhibiting HaCaT cell proliferation.