Enhanced terahertz generation through <i>q</i> -Gaussian beam shaping in collisional plasma

Abstract Investigations in the field of terahertz (THz) waves generation has been widely done due to its potential applications in various fields including spectroscopy, material characterization and communication. This paper presents a novel scheme for investigating the role of laser beam shaping in THz emission by q -Gaussian laser beams in collisional plasma. The shape of a q -Gaussian laser beam is influenced by the q -parameter, which in turn impacts the efficiency of THz emission. The influence of the q -parameter on the efficiency of THz generation is examined. Two radially polarized lasers with frequencies ω 1 , ω 2 and wave numbers k 1 , k 2 copropagating in the z -direction are considered in this study. The interaction of two laser pulses with electrons in plasma, characterized by its nonlinear nature, is the mechanism that leads to the generation of THz waves. The results indicate that the radial position ( r ), collisional frequency ( ν en ), electron density ( n 0 ), and the q -parameter require appropriate tuning for the optimization of THz production in plasma. These factors may significantly influence the advancement of plasma-based THz sources applicable in spectroscopy, communication, and medical imaging.