Preoperative differentiation of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma and schwannoma using an ultrasonography-based multivariable model and simplified score: development and single-center internal validation

Both the multivariable model and the simplified score demonstrated excellent performance in differentiating GN from SW, suggesting potential value as rapid, interpretable tools for bedside use and in resource-limited settings. Their clinical utility should be confirmed through external validation and recalibration in multicenter, prospective cohorts and further enhanced through integration with multimodal imaging such as CT, MRI, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).