In vitro antibacterial screening of bamboo leaves extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of bamboo (Bambusa spp.) leaf extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the disc diffusion method. Conducted at the Regional Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory in Tuguegarao City from July 19 to August 15, 2024, the experiment utilized a Complete Randomized Design with two treatments: Treatment 1 (bamboo leaf extract) and Treatment 2 (commercial antibiotic control). The antibacterial efficacy was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition (ZOI) in millimeters. Results revealed that the bamboo leaf extract exhibited minimal inhibition against E. coli with a mean ZOI of 1.00 mm compared to 3.00 mm from the commercial antibiotic, indicating poor effectiveness. However, the extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with mean ZOIs of 3.00 mm and 3.33 mm, respectively, as compared to 5.17 mm from the commercial control. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in inhibition zones for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa but not for E. coli. These findings indicate that bamboo leaf extract possesses partial antibacterial potential against Gram-positive and certain Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that it may serve as a potential alternative or supplementary natural antimicrobial agent, particularly for infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further in vitro and in vivo studies using other bamboo plant parts and extraction methods are recommended to confirm its antibacterial efficacy and broaden its potential medicinal applications.