Amine-functionalized MOF-based hybrid membranes for CO₂ separation: Molecular interactions and separation performance

• Investigating the synthesis method and physicochemical properties of amine-modified MOF fillers. • Elucidating NH₂-Interactions at the filler–polymer–gas interface in HMs. • Analyzing the impact of interfacial interaction on gas separation performance. • Highlighting key challenges and adaptive strategies in amine-modified MOF-based HMs. Polymer-filler incompatibility and interface defects are key challenges faced in hybrid membranes, hindering the effective separation performance in CO 2 separation applications. Ligand modification on the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based filler is a beneficial approach to overcome these challenges by creating hydrogen bonding, which positively impacts the interfacial compatibility. This review aims to elucidate the role of amine-functionalization (-NH 2 ) by discussing available synthesis techniques, its influence on the physicochemical properties of modified fillers, and macroscopic separation performance. Additionally, this review specifically highlights the NH 2 group interactions at the filler-polymer-gas interface, which contribute to positive CO 2 separation performance. Besides, the key challenges associated with adding amine-functionalized MOF-based filler within hybrid membranes are outlined, along with adaptive measures proposed in tackling these challenges. Overall, this review highlights the role of –NH₂ ligand modification in amine-functionalized MOF-based hybrid membranes, emphasizing current progress and outlining future potential to advance research in CO₂ separation technologies.