Dispersion-Diagram Beam Steering Analysis of a Dual-Band Multibeam Metasurface Antenna Based on Innovative Dynamic Spatial Harmonics Interval

This paper presents an innovative dual-band, multibeam metasurface antenna (DBMB-MTSA) that leverages dispersion diagram analysis for effective multibeam generation. Operating in the 22 GHz and 26 GHz bands, the proposed DBMB-MTSA produces up to 12 and 13 measured simultaneous beams, respectively, all through a single feeding port. By incorporating a novel dynamic spatial harmonic interval factor that depends on structural periodicity and operating frequency, the design enables precise control over beam directions without active components or phase shifters. Built on a single-layer substrate, the antenna enables low-cost fabrication using standard PCB technology. A prototype was fabricated and experimentally validated, showing excellent agreement between measured, simulated, and analysed dispersion diagram results in terms of the number of beams and their angles across a range of frequency sweeps. The results demonstrate this design's potential for satellite and 5G/6G communications.