Systematic Evaluation of Rosemary Essential Oil in Aromatherapy Practice: A Review

Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its essential oil offers a wide range of therapeutic benefits, supported by both in vitro experiments and clinical research. Its key compounds, 1,8-cineole, camphor, and α-pinene, along with other minor constituents, contribute to its unique scent and are responsible for bioactivity. Aromatherapy with rosemary essential oil, documented in 39 scientific references available in scientific databases Scopus, WoS, Google Scholar, has been shown to enhance cognitive function, sleep quality, mood, and pain management, while also showing potential for addressing conditions such as androgenetic alopecia and various types of pain. In practice, rosemary oil is commonly used pure, occasionally diluted in some carrier oil, and less frequently in combination with other essential oils, for massage or inhalation therapies. Despite its beneficial effects, rosemary oil is not without risks. Case reports have documented allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis and, in rare instances, anaphylaxis. These observations underscore the need for caution, particularly in individuals with known sensitivities to specific compounds of the essential oil. Overall, rosemary essential oil represents a valuable modality within aromatherapy and integrative health approaches. However, its safe application requires careful consideration of both therapeutic benefits and potential adverse effects, emphasizing the importance of informed use in clinical and home settings. This review systematically compiles and evaluates current scientific evidence on rosemary essential oil in aromatherapy, highlighting its therapeutic potential, practical applications, and safety considerations, thereby providing a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners.