Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the context of hepatitis-associated severe aplastic anemia: A case report

This case highlights that HLH should be considered in SAA patients with unexplained fever, poor response to anti-infectives, and elevated bilirubin. A treatment strategy addressing both bone marrow failure and hyperinflammation is essential. In this patient, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation served as a successful curative intervention by targeting the shared pathophysiology of HLH and SAA. However, given the inherent limitations of a single case, the generalizability of our findings and the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation require validation through larger, controlled studies.