A Mendelian Randomization Study of the Association Between Loud Music Exposure Frequency and Anxiety Disorders in European Populations

The results suggest that loud music may be a risk factor for generalized anxiety. While the IVW method did not show a significant causal relationship between loud music exposure and agoraphobia, the WM method indicated an inverse association. Therefore, a potential causal relationship between loud music exposure and agoraphobia cannot be readily dismissed. Whether loud music serves as a protective factor for agoraphobia requires further clarification through clinical and epidemiological investigations.