COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF INTRAVENOUS INDOCYANINE GREEN DYE FOR ASSESSMENT OF BILIARY ANATOMY AND TO ASSESS COMPLICATIONS IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is commonly performed operative procedure to remove gall bladder stones. Fluorescenceenhanced IOC using indocyanine green (ICG) dye offers real-time visualization without radiation exposure and may improve operative safety. Aim: To compare outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with and without use of ICG dye in terms of biliary visualization, intraoperative complications, and postoperative recovery. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 120 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis undergoing LC at SMIMER Hospital, Surat. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A(ICG, n=60) received 2.5 mg ICG intravenously 45 minutes preoperatively, and Group B (non-ICG, n=60) underwent conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Parameters analyzed included biliary visualization, detection of CBD stones, complications, and hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25, with p < 0.05 considered signicant. Results: CBD visualization was signicantly higher with ICG (96%) compared to non-ICG (87%, p=0.04). The cystic duct–CBD junction was more clearly dened with ICG (94% vs 82%, p=0.02). No bile duct injuries occurred in the ICG group, while three (5%) occurred in non-ICG patients. Mean hospital stay was shorter with ICG (3.6 days vs 4.4 days, p=0.02). Conclusion: ICGassisted uorescence cholangiography enhances biliary anatomy visualization and may reduce complications and recovery time. It is a safe, effective, and radiation-free adjunct to standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy.