Prevalence of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Mandibular Fracture Patients: A Study at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Background: Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial bone injuries, often leading to complications such as inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injuries. These injuries can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life due to altered sensory function. Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of IAN injury in tertiary care centers in Karachi, Pakistan. Aim: To determine the prevalence of inferior alveolar nerve injury in mandibular fracture patients presenting at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and identify factors associated with its occurrence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in the emergency department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. A total of 90 patients aged 18–50 years with mandibular fractures were included. Data were collected through detailed clinical examinations and neurosensory evaluations using standardized protocols. Variables such as age, gender, fracture type, and etiology were recorded. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.8 ± 6.3 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Road traffic accidents (53.3%) were the leading cause of injury, followed by interpersonal violence (25.6%). The prevalence of IAN injury was 38.9%, with a significant association noted with displaced fractures (p < 0.05). Neurosensory dysfunction was more common in fractures involving the mandibular angle and body. Conclusion: IAN injury is a frequent complication of mandibular fractures, particularly in displaced fractures. Early assessment and management can minimize long-term morbidity. Future studies should focus on long-term outcomes and potential preventive measures.