High‐Efficiency All‐Dielectric Metasurface Polarization Converter for Inter‐Satellite Laser Systems

ABSTRACT In this study, we propose a novel all‐dielectric metasurface polarization converter to realize interconversion of linear and circular polarization in inter‐satellite laser communication systems, which function as a quarter‐wave plate (QWP). The metasurface exhibits a high transmittance (> 0.8) over the 1500–1600 nm wavelength range, with a peak value exceeding 0.9 at 1550 nm. Additionally, the reflectance is maintained below 0.1 throughout this spectral region. It efficiently transforms y ‐polarized light into left‐handed circularly polarized (LCP) light with an ellipticity exceeding 0.99 and converts right‐handed circularly polarized (RCP) light into x ‐polarized light with a linear polarization degree approaching unity, thereby achieving near‐perfect polarization conversion efficiency. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of structural parameters, polarization, and incidence angle on the polarization conversion performance of the metasurface. The results demonstrate that the proposed all‐dielectric metasurface achieves dual functionality: efficient interconversion between linear and circular polarization states, while simultaneously enhancing laser communication system efficiency through effective stray light suppression. These results suggest broad applicability of the all‐dielectric metasurface in advancing inter‐satellite laser communication technologies.