Chemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, and Antibacterial Activity of Astragalus strictispinus and Astragalus macrocephalus subsp. finitimus

<i>Astragalus</i> species are characterized by rich active compounds, mainly polysaccharides, saponins, and polyphenols, with various important bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-diabetes, antiviral, etc. In this study, the chemical profiles of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extracts from different parts (leaves, flowers, and roots) of two endemic <i>Astragalus</i> species growing in Türkiye, i.e., <i>A. strictispinus</i> and <i>A. macrocephalus</i> subsp. <i>finitimus</i> were determined, along with their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, and antibacterial properties. According to the results, naringenin and apigenin were identified as two common phenolic compounds of both <i>Astragalus</i> species, while only ethanol extracts of the roots and leaves and ethyl acetate extracts of flowers of <i>A. strictispinis</i> exhibited a low level of antioxidant activity (5-16%). Moreover, AChE and BChE inhibitory activities were higher in the ethyl acetate extract of <i>A. macrocephalus</i> subsp. <i>finitimus</i> leaves, while all leaf extracts of the analyzed <i>Astragalus</i> species, except dichloromethane extract of <i>A. strictispinus</i>, exhibited antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>. In conclusion, this study provides detailed information that may serve as the scientific basis for the use of <i>Astragalus</i> species as sources of bioactive compounds with multiple functions in the nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.