Guarding the genome: strategies for off-target detection and minimization in CRISPR/Cas9 system

While significant progress has been made in off-target detection and mitigation, challenges remain in accurately assessing unintended genomic modifications in vivo and ensuring long-term safety in clinical applications. Future research should focus on developing high-fidelity CRISPR variants, refining computational prediction models, and integrating multi-modal detection systems. Advancing delivery mechanisms and regulatory strategies will be essential for translating CRISPR into safe and effective therapeutic interventions.