Heavy Rainfall Risk Management Policy: Effectiveness and Challenges from a Systematic Review

The article addresses risk management in the face of heavy rains, highlighting the importance of developing comprehensive public policies that minimize the impacts on infrastructure, economy, and security. This study addresses the urgent need to implement preventive and resilient measures through a qualitative phenomenological approach. A systematic literature review was conducted, using recognized databases and applying rigorous inclusion criteria, which allowed us to analyze studies published between 2019 and 2024. In addition, structured search equations were adopted, and specific cases evidencing the effectiveness and challenges of these policies were evaluated. The results show that strategies such as early warning systems, resilient infrastructure, and community participation have been implemented; however, limitations related to inter-institutional coordination, resource allocation, and integration with urban and environmental development plans persist. The discussion also highlights the need to strengthen evaluation and monitoring mechanisms to adjust response protocols to extreme events. Finally, it is concluded that an effective risk management policy requires a preventive and collaborative approach that integrates innovative technologies and promotes the participation of all stakeholders.