Assessment of Hematobiochemical and Thyroxine (T4) Profiles in Dogs with Flea Allergic Dermatitis, Adverse Food Reactions, and Dermatophytosis

The most common causes of itching in dogs are flea allergic dermatitis (FAD), adverse food reactions, and dermatophytosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of these conditions on hematological, serum biochemical, and thyroid hormone parameters in dogs. A total of 35 dogs were enrolled and allocated into four groups: healthy control (n = 8), FAD (n = 12), adverse food reactions (n = 5), and dermatophytosis (n = 10). In the FAD group, affected dogs exhibited reduced hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte counts, along with increased total leukocyte counts (TLC), eosinophils, monocytes, total protein, albumin, and lipid profile levels. Dogs with adverse food reactions demonstrated leukopenia, with elevated eosinophil and monocyte counts and increased lipid profile values. The dermatophytosis group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin concentration, with significant (p < 0.05) elevations in eosinophil counts, total protein, and albumin levels. Thyroid hormone (T4) levels did not differ significantly across the three diseased groups. The comparison among the three disease groups revealed that dermatophytosis had the most pronounced effect on hematobiochemical parameters. Dogs in this group showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), eosinophil counts, and albumin levels, along with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cell count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), and TLC. The findings of this study suggest that dermatophytosis had the most obvious impact on hematobiochemical parameters, whereas T4 levels were not significantly affected by the different dermatopathies in dogs. Hematobiochemical parameters evaluation contribute to a better diagnosis and assist in making therapeutic decisions for canine skin diseases.