Update of the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Hydatidosis Disease in Human

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis, a disease transmissible from animals to humans, caused by the parasite Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus, the cause of cystic echinococcosis (CE), is transmitted from carnivores to intermediate hosts, including livestock and humans. The parasite has multiple genotypes, with the sheep strain (G1) responsible for most human infections. Its life cycle involves ingestion of eggs that hatch into larvae forming hydatid cysts in organs, predominantly liver (75%) and lungs (15%). These cysts, composed of pericyst, laminated, and germinal layers, may contain brood capsules, hydatid sand, and cyst fluid. CE is globally prevalent, with significant health and economic impact, especially in endemic regions. Diagnosis combines serology, molecular PCR techniques, genotyping, and imaging (US, CT, MRI). Advanced methods use nanotechnology to enhance detection. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy (albendazole, mebendazole), and PAIR, with PAIR showing superior outcomes in selected cases. Long-term imaging follow-up is essential. Prevention relies on dog deworming, safe slaughter practices, public health measures, and vaccination in animals.