Possible Protective Effect of Rosuvastatin on Clarithromycin Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats- Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Introduction: Clarithromycin is a known macrolide antibiotic that “induces a powerful antibacterial effect against large variety of diseases .While it is generally safe, it could cause serious effects on many organs like liver and kidney. Rosuvastatin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor) could decrease cholesterol and has potent anti-inflammatory effect. There is increase in the prevalence of patients how use clarithromycin and statins, which increase interest about the beneficial effect of statins on liver and kidney of patients using macrolids. Aim of the work: Evaluation of the probable protective effect of Rosuvastatin on Clarithromycin inducing liver and kidney toxicity in adult male albino rats. Materials and methods: This work was performed on thirty adult male albino rats, which were divided into 3 equal groups with ten rats. Both: control group, group2 ; received Clarithromycin at a dose of 45mg/kg/day/orally for 2weeks ,group3; received Rosuvastatin at a dose of 2mg/kg one hour after Clarithromycin every day for 2 weeks. After the last dose, liver and kidney of rats were dissected and prepared for H&E examination, and for caspase-3 immunohistochemical stain. Results: Clarithromycin showed histopathological changes in the liver in the form of destruction of hepatocytes, central vein dilatation and congestion. In the kidney it affected the structure in the form of shrunken glomeruli and proximal and distal tubular dilatation destruction.Caspase-3 reaction showed significant increase in this group in both liver and kidney. Rosuvastatin showed significant protection as both liver and kidney sections appeared near normal, with marked decrease in caspase reaction in this group . Conclusion: Rosuvastatin proved a well protective effect against hazardous effect of Clarithromycin , these results could be well-thought-out clinically after extra human-based studies to insure the doses.