Role of Moringa Oleifera leaves extract against the side effects of diabetes mellitus induced by STZ in male albino rats

Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic condition requiring regular insulin and blood sugar monitoring. The goal of this study was to find out whether or not the extract of Moringa Oleifera leaves (MOLE) can prevent male albino rats from developing diabetes mellitus as a result of streptozotocin (STZ). Forty-two male albino rats were divided into seven groups at random: Group I, control rats; Group II, rats received oral glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.wt./day); Group III, normal rats received oral MOLE (200 mg/kg b.wt./daily); Group IV (the diabetic group) received a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg diluted in saline solution); Group V, diabetic rats received oral MOLE (200 mg/kg b.wt./daily); Group VI, diabetic received glibenclamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight; and Group VII, received both oral MOLE and glibenclamide. All of the animals were sacrificed after 45 days. The results showed that STZ dramatically decreased final body weights and increased HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels. Compared to the STZ group, the blood insulin levels of the treated group also increased. Additionally, compared to the STZ-diabetic group, HDL cholesterol, VLDL, LDL/HDL cholesterol, TC/HDL, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol serum levels in the treated groups were significantly lower. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats showed degenerative abnormalities, such as hazy swelling, hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and apoptotic alterations. However, the treated groups displayed a significant recovery. According to existing research, using glibenclamide and MOLE in combination is more effective than each alone.