Assessment of coronary inflammation by inflammatory markers and plaque vulnerability by Coronary Computed Tomography

Background: Diabetes mellitus is correlated to a great risk of coronary artery illness, primarily because of persistent low-grade vascular inflammation. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), facilitates non-invasive evaluation of coronary inflammation and identification of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. This imaging approach enhances prognostic accuracy for adverse cardiovascular events. The objective of this research has been to elucidate the correlation among glycemic control and pericoronary inflammation, in cases with low-risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with and without diabetes mellitus. Results: A highly statistically significant variance has been observed among the examined groups according to lipid profile (Triglycerides, LDL, HDL), HbA1C, Troponin I hs, and also as regards inflammatory indices. Conclusions: Poor glycemic control is related to elevated coronary inflammation and increased plaque vulnerability, even among cases presenting with low-risk ACS. The use of plaque vulnerability indices resulting from coronary computed tomography angiography may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for identifying diabetic status and stratifying cardiovascular risk. These results underscore the clinical importance of keeping optimal glycemic control to mitigate coronary artery disease progression and adverse cardiovascular results.