Development of Multifunction Zn/MgO Nanoflakes Via Green Synthesis Using Aloe vera Plant Extract for Antimicrobial, Larvicidal and Biomedical Applications

The ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotics and chemical insecticides in combating harmful microorganisms and vector-borne diseases poses significant challenges to the global healthcare system. In this study, zinc magnesium oxide (Zn0.15Mg0.85O) was prepared by green synthesis using plant extract. Its structural and morphological characteristics were investigated using XRD, EDX, XPS, SEM, and TEM techniques. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited a polycrystalline nature with a small crystallite size of approximately 11.25 nm and a flake-like structure. These characteristics enabled Zn/MgO nanostructure to be used as a potent antimicrobial agent against Bacillus subtilis (RCMB 015) and Proteus vulgaris (RCMB 04), as well as Candida albicans (RCMB 005003) and Aspergillus fumigatus (RCMB 002008), which demonstrated an inhibition value of 28.2 and 22.5 mm, respectively. They also showed significant larvicidal activity with a mortality rate of 100% at a concentration of 60 ppm. In addition to high antioxidant and anticancer performance against human liver (HepG2) cancer cells at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL. The results revealed that the synthesized nanoflakes are strong agents for various biomedical applications.