Alterations in Renal Function and Serum Electrolytes in Diabetic Patients

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is becoming a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and its incidence is rising globally. Early diagnosis of DKD may prevent the progression of renal disease. Both functional and structural markers are used to diagnose and classify DKD. In this study, we investigated the effect of diabetes mellitus on kidney function and electrolytes. 40 normal healthy subjects (Group І), 40 DKD patients without end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Group II), and 40 DKD patients with ESRD (Group IIIІ) were enrolled in the study. There was a significant increase in the results of random blood glucose, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), serum urea, and creatinine in patients (Group II and Group III) than in controls (Group І). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin levels were significantly lowered in Group III and Group II compared to Group І. Our present study indicated higher serum urea and creatinine levels and accordingly lowered eGFR in DKD without ESRD and DKD with ESRD than in the control group. Electrolyte levels, mainly sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium, were significantly deranged in DKD patients with or without ESRD.