APPLICATION OF BIOMIMETIC FACADES FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

A significant shift in thinking has been underway in the architecture and building industry, driven by growing concerns over excessive energy consumption and its environmental impact. This shift has transformed the early stages of building design, shifting the focus from geometry and form to performance, from structural considerations to the building’s envelope, and from abstract aesthetics to bio-climatic aesthetics. The primary challenge for façade designers is identifying innovative and sustainable technologies that achieve high structural performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal. This paper reviews the performance and limitations of existing façade systems in sustainable building design. Among modern façade systems, Double Skin Façades (DSF) show promise for improving energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and aesthetics. However, they also present challenges such as sound transmission between floors, higher initial costs, and outer skin vibrations. Adaptive façades, which actively enhance energy performance and occupant comfort, are gaining popularity but face complexities in design, construction, and regulatory requirements. Green wall systems contribute to improved air quality and aesthetics, while photovoltaic façade systems help reduce electricity costs, yet both come with higher initial costs and maintenance challenges. To achieve truly sustainable building design, architects, engineers, and builders must adopt façade systems that optimize energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, occupant comfort, and environmental impact. This paper examines early-stage design approaches for adaptive façades and presents the theoretical foundations of three biomimetic frameworks. This analysis provides insight into the concepts, opportunities, and limitations of biomimetic adaptive façades in sustainable architecture.