ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE GEODETIC MEASUREMENT METHODS APPLICATION IN STUDYING SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AGROLANDSCAPES SOIL IN PRECISION FARMING SYSTEM

The surface microrelief of agricultural fields significantly influences moisture distribution and soil nutrient transport. Studying and describing the horizontal transport and accumulation processes is essential for monitoring the dynamics of modern pedogenesis processes in precision farming. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness and sufficiency of geodetic surveys with varying picket point densities (sparse and detailed) for identifying microrelief elements and their relationship to spatial variability of agricultural soil properties, using satellite geodetic equipment to study physicochemical and agrochemical properties of soils in Voronezh region. The study examined methods for continuous and sparse topographic surveys of the microrelief of a field surface in the Verkhnekhavskiy district of Voronezh region using satellite geodetic measurements. It is concluded that the use of detailed microrelief surveys at 20-50 m intervals only in certain problematic areas of the study area significantly reduces fieldwork time. Analysis of the study results also revealed that a contour cross-section height of 0.50 m is sufficient for identifying the boundaries of significant field microrelief elements, while providing slightly less information, compared to a cross-section height of 0.25 m, which requires more fieldwork. A topographic map obtained using 0.50 meter cross-section allows for determination of boundaries of negative and positive microrelief forms, while the finer detail of boundaries at 0.25 meter cross-section does not significantly alter the shape and arrangement of survey elements. The feasibility of using satellite geodetic surveying to study the spatial heterogeneity of soil cover associated with the influence of terrain microrelief during soil mapping and the study of horizontal variability in soil physicochemical properties is substantiated for planning precision farming interventions.