Contamination of Microplastics in Surface Waters of Kapuas Kecil Estuary West Kalimantan

Microplastics are an emerging pollutant of global concern due to their persistence and potential ecological impacts. This study assesses the types and abundance of microplastics in the surface waters of Kapuas Kecil Estuary, West Kalimantan. Sampling was conducted during low and high tides at three stations representing different levels of human activity. Microplastics were identified by morphology and categorized into fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. Results showed that microplastics were present at all stations, with abundances ranging from 62.40 to 172.80 particles/L. The highest concentrations were observed at Station III, which is influenced by ship traffic, factories, and industrial activities, while the lowest values occurred at Station I. Overall, fragments were the most dominant form, followed by fibers, while films and pellets were relatively rare. Total abundance was higher during high tide (427.20 particles/L) compared to low tide (300.96 particles/L), indicating the influence of tidal currents on microplastic distribution. These findings provide baseline information on microplastic contamination in the Kapuas Kecil Estuary and highlight the need for improved waste management in the region.