From Tradition to Space: Traces of Turkish Bath Architecture in Karacasu

In Turkish culture, cleanliness is not merely a physical act but an integral part of social life, traditions, and belief systems. Baths, as the spatial embodiment of this understanding, serve not only as places for washing but also as multifunctional structures that facilitate social interaction, relaxation, and even healing. Turkish bath architecture reached its zenith during the Ottoman period, showcasing a distinctive architectural language through its floor plans, materials, and the interplay of light and water. In this context, baths serve as significant cultural heritage structures that spatially express both individual and communal purification rituals. This study explores the essential spatial and structural characteristics of Turkish bath architecture through the traditional hammams located in the Karacasu district of Aydın Province, Turkey. Karacasu holds particular significance as it encompasses Aphrodisias, an ancient city inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017. As a historical crossroads of various civilizations, the region exhibits a strong continuity of bathing culture from antiquity through the Ottoman era. The bath structures in Karacasu reflect the defining features of Turkish bath architecture—including spatial configuration, heating systems, vaulted ceilings, and social functions—while simultaneously presenting a distinct regional identity shaped by local materials and craftsmanship. Employing methods such as literature review, photographic documentation, architectural drawing, and on-site observation, this study aims to highlight the cultural and architectural value of Turkish baths through the specific lens of Karacasu.