OPTIMIZING THERAPY FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DEPROGRAMMING SPLINTS AS THERAPEUTIC ADJUNCTS

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) constitute a complex group of musculoskeletal and functional disturbances involving the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. The management of TMDs continues to evolve with occlusal splints remaining a cornerstone of conservative therapy. Among these, deprogramming splints have gained attention for their ability to promote neuromuscular relaxation and restore functional harmony. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, mechanisms, types, and clinical implications of deprogramming splints in the management of TMDs, based on current scientific evidence. Deprogramming splints effectively reduce occlusal interferences and masticatory muscle hyperactivity, thereby enhancing mandibular coordination and relieving pain. While current evidence supports their clinical usefulness, further standardized and longitudinal research is essential to establish definitive clinical protocols and optimize patient outcomes.