Comparing Weight Loss Strategies in Weight Class Sports: Focusing on Rapid and Gradual Weight Loss in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Athletes

This study aimed to identify differences in physical abnormalities and perceptions of performance and physical fitness according to weight loss methods rapid weight loss [RWL] vs. gradual weight loss [GWL] in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes, and to analyze the influence of weight loss-related factors.<br/> A survey was conducted with 81 male athletes from domestic professional teams. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the distribution of weight loss methods, reasons for choosing them, and perceptions of performance and physical fitness changes. The association between physical abnormalities and perceived performance was analyzed using a chi-square test, and predictive factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression.<br/> Results: 80.2% of athletes used RWL, while 19.8% used GWL. The RWL group experienced significantly more adverse symptoms (χ²=13.71, p<.001), and physical fitness decline was the most commonly reported symptom (43.2%). Regression analysis revealed that only average rebounding was a significant protective factor (B=-0.505, p=.021). RWL increases the risk of physical abnormalities, and sufficient rebounding mitigates them. Therefore, gradual weight loss and systematic recovery strategies are required to maintain athletes' health and performance.