Exploring and criterion setting of resilience measurement scale for golfer

This study aimed to explore a resilience measurement scale specifically for golfers and to establish criterion scores that indicate adequate resilience for each of the three factors—control, positivity, and sociability. To achieve this, data were collected through a self-report questionnaire from 287 golfers who were registered at indoor and outdoor golf academies in different regions. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the following conclusions were drawn. First, in the exploration of factors for the resilience measurement scale for golfers using the rasch rating scale model, the control factor was found to be more appropriate with a 4-point response scale, with one item identified as misfitting and no gender-based differential item functioning(DIF). For the positivity factor, a 4-point response scale was also found to be more suitable, with one misfitting item that also showed gender-based DIF. For the sociability factor, the 5-point response scale was retained, with one misfitting item and two items showing gender-based DIF. Therefore, the resilience scale for golfers was confirmed to consist of 22 items (control=8 items, positivity=8 items, sociability=6 items) with differentiated response formats by factor(4 points for control and positivity, 5 points for sociability) to ensure both validity and fairness. Second, the criterion scores for resilience according to performance level were set as follows: 18 points or higher for control, 17.5 points or higher for positivity, and 22.5 points or higher for sociability. In other words, only when the scores exceeded these criteria could the resilience level be considered equivalent to that of professional golfers, and resilience at this level prevented fluctuations in performance caused by psychological factors. In summary, the resilience measurement scale for golfers was determined to consist of 22 items with factor-specific response formats (4 points for control and positivity, 5 points for sociability). Through this scale, it was identified that 18 points for control, 17.5 points for positivity, and 22.5 points for sociability represented the benchmark resilience levels required for professional golfers.