Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract against Clinical Isolates from Diabetic Foot Infections

Garlic (Allium sativum) has long been recognized for its therapeutic properties, particularly its antibacterial effects. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most potent pathogens responsible for diabetic foot infections (DFIs), posing a significant global health challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of garlic extract against clinical isolates, including MRSA and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The well diffusion technique was utilized to assess the effectiveness of garlic extract on bacterial isolates using Muller-Hinton Agar. To compare its efficacy, commercial antibiotics such as Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Azithromycin, and Ciprofloxacin were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test. The findings revealed notable antibacterial activity, with inhibition zone diameters increasing proportionally with garlic extract concentration. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity to 100% concentrated garlic extract, followed by 75% and 50% concentrations. Similarly, the greatest antimicrobial activity against E. coli was observed at 100% and 75% concentrations, with results being statistically significant. These results suggest that garlic extract holds promise as a natural alternative to conventional antibiotics, especially for managing infections caused by these prevalent pathogens. Further investigations are recommended to isolate active compounds and explore their therapeutic potential in clinical applications. This study highlights the value of natural remedies in addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.