Multiple pseudoaneurysms in complicated infective endocarditis: importance of the Yin–Yang sign and multimodality imaging—case report

Multimodality imaging served as a cornerstone for the accurate diagnosis, anatomical localization, and extension of pAs in all three patients. Echocardiography helped to reveal the echo-free spaces with systolic expansion and diastolic collapse, a feature that was also observed in the cardiac angio-computed tomography. Notably, the presence of the Yin-Yang sign on colour Doppler imaging served as a key diagnostic clue and should be carefully sought when evaluating patients with IE.