Morphological Brain Alterations and Network Disorganizations in Individuals With Substance Use Disorders: Differential Effects of Heroin Versus Methamphetamine

Our findings demonstrate distinct neurobiological signatures of heroin and methamphetamine addiction that persist during early abstinence. Heroin primarily causes widespread network disruption, while methamphetamine leads to focal hub damage. The observed associations between brain morphology and clinical symptoms indicate the practical importance of these structural alterations. These distinct patterns may inform the development of substance-specific treatment approaches.