Causal Effects of Endometriosis Stages on Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Our findings suggest stage III/IV endometriosis as an independent causal factor for ICP, necessitating intensified hepatobiliary function monitoring in these patients. The lack of causal association between endometriosis and other obstetric complications highlights the multifactorial nature of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Future multicenter studies should explore biomarkers reflecting endometriosis-associated hepatobiliary dysfunction to guide targeted interventions.