Domains of maternal knowledge and practices in essential newborn care in Urban Ghana: A factor analysis

Mothers demonstrated generally strong ENC practices, particularly in breastfeeding and cord care, but gaps persisted in hand hygiene, immunization knowledge, and burping. Interpreted through the HBM, these gaps reflect perceived barriers and limited cues to action. Strengthening community-based health education within antenatal and postnatal services could address these gaps, improve ENC adherence, and contribute to reducing neonatal mortality.