In vitro biocompatibility comparison of locally forged stainless steel and Cobalt–Chrome implants for total hip arthroplasty

As the increase incidence of degenerative disease, the need for implants is also increasing. Osteoarthritis is degenerative disease in elderly. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in Indonesia is 55 million people (24,7%). According to the Basic Health research (RISKESDA), the prevalence osteoarthritis by age is 5 % in those age < 40 years, 30 % in those age 40-60 years and 65% in those age > 61 %. This study aims to analyze the differences in cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility characteristic between local implants made from Stainless Steel SS316L (ASTM F 138) and foreign produced implants made from Stainless Steel and Cobalt Chrome. This experimental study involved 27 samples consisting of 3 group, namely local Stainless Steel (n=9), stainless Steel import ( n=9) and cobalt chrome (n=9) by assessing cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility test. Hemocompatibility test of three metal, there was no significant difference in number of red blood cell (RBC) before and after exposure and the toxicity test on three material showed an average cell viability above 60 % which means there was no strong cytotoxicity on the three material against cells. This study concludes that locally forged SS316L implants are non-cytotoxic and hemocompatible, with performance equivalent to imported stainless steel and cobalt chrome implants. These results indicate strong potential for clinical use in Total Hip Arthroplasty.