BLOOD UNDER PRESSURE: COVID-19'S DISRUPTION AND RECOVERY IN INDIA'S BLOOD DONATION ECOSYSTEM

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation patterns in India from 2018 to 2024, tracing the trajectory from pre-pandemic shortages through pandemic-era disruptions to postpandemic '[recovery. It examines national and regional trends in blood collection, donor behaviour, and transfusion demand, with particular focus on vulnerable patient groups such as those with thalassemia and chronic anaemia. The study highlights operational challenges faced by blood banks, including donor hesitancy, logistical constraints, and supply chain fragmentation, while documenting adaptive innovations such as appointment-based donations, mobile collection units, and digital outreach. Urban-rural disparities, student donor dynamics, and policy interventions—including bulk transfer authorisations and infection control protocols—are critically assessed. Drawing on case studies, national data, and stakeholder responses, the article concludes that while India's blood donation system demonstrated resilience, significant gaps remain in rural recovery, donor education, and emergency preparedness. The findings offer strategic insights for building a more agile, equitable, and quality-assured blood supply system in future public health crises.