Urban Senior Living in Korea: Space Planning and Operational Strategies

This study examines the space planning and operational strategies of residential units in urban senior living complexes (Silver Towns) in Korea, in response to the nation’s rapid transition into a super-aged society. Focusing on residential unit design, it analyzes how spatial planning and service delivery models can support the autonomy, psychological well-being, and evolving needs of active seniors. Using a mixed-methods approach with surveys of 200 residents and prospective residents and comparative case studies of six senior housing developments, the research identifies key spatial preferences and operational challenges. Results show a strong demand for mid-sized units (20–30 pyeong) in large-scale complexes that enhance community interaction. Living rooms serve as multifunctional hubs, while bedrooms are valued as restorative spaces requiring specialized design. Although some facilities incorporate features such as movable walls and smart home systems, most remain rigid and medically oriented. Recent projects like VL Le West and Osiria Rauer attempt adaptable layouts and social connectivity, but restrictive contracts and underdeveloped infrastructures limit their impact. The study concludes that next-generation Silver Towns must adopt modular unit design, flexible contracts, and scalable smart technologies to support aging-in-place. A holistic, user-centered housing model integrating spatial, policy, and operational frameworks is essential for sustainable and dignified urban senior living.