Integrative Diagnostic Model Combining Urinary Biomarkers and Clinical Parameters to Improve Diagnostic Performance in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

We found that combination of specific urine markers with pain scores can diagnose interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome accurately, without invasive tests. This diagnostic model reduces reliance on patients' subjective symptom reporting, helping doctors confirm the disease earlier and more confidently, while making the diagnostic process more comfortable for patients.