Ultrahigh-energy gamma-ray emission associated with black hole-jet systems.
Black holes (BHs), one of the most intriguing objects in the universe, can manifest themselves through electromagnetic radiation initiated by the accretion flow. Some stellar-mass BHs drive relativistic jets when accreting matter from their companion stars, forming microquasars. Non-thermal emission from the radio to teraelectronvolt gamma-ray band has been observed from microquasars, indicating the acceleration of relativistic particles. Here we report detection of four microquasars (SS 433, V4641 Sgr, GRS 1915+105, MAXI J1820+070) of spectra extending to the ultrahigh-energy (UHE; photon energy [Formula: see text] TeV) band, and one microquasar (Cygnus X-1) with a spectrum approaching 100 TeV, using the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory. Notably, the total emission associated with SS 433 cannot be interpreted with a single leptonic component. In the UHE band, its emission is in spatial coincidence with a giant atomic cloud, which is consistent with a hadronic origin. An elongated source is discovered from V4641 Sgr with the spectrum continuing up to 800 TeV. The detection of UHE gamma rays demonstrates that accreting BHs and their environments can operate as extremely efficient accelerators of particles up to 1 PeV, suggesting that microquasars are important contributors to Galactic cosmic rays, especially around the 'knee' region.
Authors
- S D Li
- Xiaoyuan Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1755-6906)
- Ling‐Yu Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-817X)
- Hengyun Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-9543)
- B. S. Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-3950)
- Yao Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7247-7786)
- O. Shchegolev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-1415)
- Dongyang Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6160-0707)
- H X Chen
- R. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5059-8456)
- Chufan Cai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-0820)
- Yiliang Xin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6328-1721)
- Lili Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-1398)
- Lu‐Yang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-944X)
- Y. W. Bao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-5248)
- Y. D. Wang
- J. Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6726-3268)
- Yi-Zhong Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-6911)
- Yaodong Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-9461)
- P P Zhang
- Q. N. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9716-4226)
- Z. G. Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-3266)
- Yalan Xing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0775-7386)
- Ruixi Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-445X)
- Haigang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-3834)
- Ping Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-822X)
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Institutions
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (CN)
- Tibet University (CN)
- Nanchang University (CN)
- Guangxi University (CN)
- Nanjing Normal University (CN)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (RU)
- Shandong University (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Délégation Paris 7 (FR)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Yunnan University (CN)
- Yerevan State University (AM)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CN)
- Observatoire de Paris (FR)
- Yunnan Observatories (CN)
- Purple Mountain Observatory (CN)
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology (CN)
- Guangzhou University (CN)
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences (CN)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (CN)
- National Space Science Center (CN)
- Zhejiang Lab (CN)
- Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (DE)
- National Astronomical Observatories (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology (CN)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR)
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Southwest Jiaotong University (CN)
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CN)
- Nanjing University (CN)
- Hebei Normal University (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- PubMed
- Published
- 2025-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf496
- Citations
- 8
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 14.96
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- National Science and Technology Development Agency
- National Research Council of Thailand
- Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province
- High Energy Physics