Potential of environmentally friendly energy hubs with hydrogen and thermal storage devices on the voltage and temperature regulation in energy networks

• Investigating the ability of energy hubs to improve the operating and security conditions of energy networks by considering voltage and temperature regulation as the objective function, • Considering the mathematical model of environmental indicators in electrical and thermal networks to investigate the ability of storage-based renewable energy hubs to reduce environmental emissions, • Using combined heat and power (CHP) technology for bio-waste units to produce thermal energy from renewable sources in the energy hub and improve energy efficiency, and. • Using CHP technology in P2H and H2P deployed in hydrogen storage to improve energy efficiency and multi-purpose use this storage (electricity energy storage and thermal energy production). An energy hub is a unit that coordinates and integrates different resources, storage devices, and loads, which can manage several types of energy simultaneously. Its optimal energy management can be improved the environmental and technical factors of various energy networks. Therefore, this study presents the energy scheduling of environmentally friendly energy hubs including renewable wind, solar, and bio-waste resources, and thermal and hydrogen storage devices in electrical and thermal distribution networks. In the proposed system, the hydrogen storage and bio-waste system include a combined heat and power system. Therefore, they also play a role in heating energy production. The proposed design minimizes the sum of the voltage profile function in the electrical network and the temperature profile function in the heating network. Of course, this objective function is subject to the optimal power flow equations and environmental constraints of the aforementioned energy networks, and the resource and storage device exploitation model in the form of an energy hub. In this design, there are uncertainties such as load and renewable phenomena. For modeling of uncertainties, stochastic programming is used. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in improving both environmental and technical outcomes for thermal and electrical networks through improved energy hub management. Incorporating renewable hubs with advanced storage units has notably enhanced conditions across key indicators: voltage profile (47% − 56% improvement), temperature profile (38%-40%), energy losses (38.10%), and peak load carrying capacity (23% − 40%), compared to traditional load distribution analyses.