Understanding Attachment Behaviors in Parents Raising Autistic Children: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Abstract Parenting autistic children often involves navigating unique relational and sensory needs within environments designed for neurotypical expectations. This phenomenological study explores how parents of autistic children experience and interpret attachment behaviors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten primary caregivers of autistic children across the United States. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, three major themes emerged: (a) attachment behaviors, (b) separation and reunion, and (c) other factors that affect attachment dynamics. Findings highlight the proactive and intentional ways caregivers attune to their children’s needs, even in the absence of traditional proximity-seeking behaviors. The study underscores the importance of systemic support for caregivers and challenges deficit-based assumptions about attachment in neurodivergent families. Clinical implications include promoting reflective parenting, enhancing social support, and reframing attachment theory through a neurodiversity-affirming lens.