Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma: A case report with literature review

Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangiomas (RCHs) are exceedingly rare benign vascular tumors. They pose significant diagnostic challenges due to their nonspecific clinical presentations and imaging findings. This report highlights a clinically misdiagnosed case of RCH as a different retroperitoneal tumor. A 43-year-old female presented with persistent right hypochondrial pain. Imaging studies suggested a retroperitoneal mass, initially suspected to be either a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) or Schwannoma, or paraganglioma. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cavernous hemangioma. The patient recovered well with no postoperative complications. Limited cases of RCHs have been reported in the literature. These tumors often mimic other retroperitoneal masses such as GISTs. Imaging findings are nonspecific, and definitive diagnosis typically relies on histopathological analysis. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, with excellent outcomes reported across cases.