Perceived Social Support and Its Associated Factors in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Hemodialysis is a vital, lifelong therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Due to various physiological and psychosocial challenges, it is often perceived as traumatic. Social support is recognized as an essential coping strategy for managing chronic illnesses, including advanced kidney failure. This study aimed to assess perceived social support and its related factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2024 to February 2025 at two major hemodialysis centers in Kermanshah, a city in western Iran. A total of 230 patients were selected through convenience sampling based on predefined criteria. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and analyzed using SPSS version 24 with descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Most patients (68.7%) reported moderate levels of social support. Family members 23.87 (6.68) and significant others 23.68 (6.67) were identified as the primary sources of support, while friends 8.46 (8.29) provided the least. Significant associations were observed between perceived social support and education level, marital status, and monthly income (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Family members and significant others are the main sources of support for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Healthcare providers should strengthen family support systems and develop interventions to enhance social support. Psychosocial strategies such as support groups, counseling, and family empowerment programs can effectively contribute to achieving this goal.