Soil quality degradation under seawater intrusion: chemical, spectral, and dielectric insights

Soil salinization caused by seawater intrusion is a growing global concern that impacts agricultural productivity and soil sustainability. This study aimed to assess how saltwater intrusion influences the chemical, mineralogical, and electrical characteristics of agricultural soils to better understand the underlying degradation mechanisms. Soil samples collected from seawater-affected and unaffected regions were analyzed to examine changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and key mineral constituents. The findings revealed that seawater-affected soils exhibited a notable decline in CDOM and essential minerals such as quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, and calcite, along with an accumulation of halite. Furthermore, statistical correlations confirmed that increasing salinity strongly influences the soil’s electrical and chemical behavior, leading to deterioration of soil quality. Overall, the results demonstrate that seawater intrusion accelerates soil degradation by disrupting its organic and mineral balance. This study provides a useful scientific base for monitoring salinity-affected soils and suggests effective management strategies that can be developed for coastal agricultural regions.