Glutinol, main component of <i>orostachys japonica</i> , inhibits <i>in vitro and in vivo</i> TGF-β-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition of human cancer cells

Glutinol (GT), a major triterpenoid component of <i>Orostachys japonica</i>, suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human cancer cells. GT treatment restored epithelial characteristics by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating Snail, thereby reducing cancer cell migration and invasion in A549 and MCF-7 cells. <i>In vivo</i>, GT significantly inhibited lung metastasis of TGF-β-treated A549-luc cells in mice. These findings demonstrate that GT exerts potent anti-metastatic effects through modulation of the TGF-β/Snail/E-cadherin signaling axis, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent against cancer metastasis.